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1、JuryProcedure陪审团程序BeforetheformaltrialBeforetheformaltrial,thejudgewilllistsomenote,andsandittojurors.Totellthemwhattheyshoulddo,whattheyshouldnotdo.Afterreadingthiswrittenfile,eachjurorshouldsignhisname,sayshehasunderstoodtheseprecautions.Thejuryhasaorganizer,whocanalsobecalledthe“colonel”ofa
2、jury.Thejurycolonelelectedbyallthejurors.在正式开庭审理之前，法官将注意事项详细地以书面形式告知陪审员。告知哪些事可以做，哪些事不能做。每个陪审员在阅读完这些文件后签上自己的名字，表示自己已经了解了这些注意事项。陪审团有一个协调和组织者，此人也可称为陪审团的“团长”。陪审团的团长由全体陪审员选举产生。Cross-examinationsystem,namely,thejudgeandjurycannotaskthecasewitnessdirectly.Allthosequestionsareaskedbybothparties’lawyer
3、.Thejuryunderstandthetruthofthecasethroughlawyers’questionsandwitnesses’answers,thejudgecontrolsboththelawyer'scross-examination.Judgesandlawyerscoulddiscussthecaseinproceduralmatters,butjurorscannotparticipateit,becausejuriescan'trulingproceduralmatters.美国的法庭审理实行交叉询问制，即法官和陪审团都不能直接询问案件的证人，只能由双
4、方当事人的律师询问。陪审团是通过双方律师对证人的询问来了解案件事实的，法官则控制着双方律师的交叉询问。法官与律师讨论案件中的程序事项时，陪审员不能参与，因为陪审团不能裁决程序事项。Cross-examinationsystemKnowledgesupplementInacourtcase,thejudgewillconstantlysendsomeinstructionstothejury.在开庭审理中，法官会不断地给陪审团发出各种指示。Afterthewitnessesofbothsideshavetestified,thejudgerequirethejurydiscussth
5、ecase,andmakeadecision当双方的证人都出庭作证后，法官就可以要求陪审团对案件进行讨论并作出裁决Accordingtotheplaintiff'srequest,thejurorsformthepreliminaryjudgment,thenvote.陪审员根据原告的请求初步形成一项裁决意见，然后投票表决IncourtInthevote,allthose12jurorsaredemandedtovote投票时，要求１２名陪审员都要投票。Inordinarycivilcasesorcriminalcases,theremustbemorethan9votedagre
6、edruling.Iflessthan9votes,thatrequiresthejuryreconsidered,untilformamajorityverdictsopinion.一般的民事和刑事案件要求裁决的投票结果达到９票以上。如果不能达到９票以上，陪审团就需要重新审议，直至形成多数裁决意见。Whenitcomestothemurder,mustbeunanimously.指控谋杀成立的案件则要求一致通过。Incivildamagescases,thejurycouldonlymakedecisionintheamountthatrequiredbyplaintiff,an
7、dcannotexceedtheamount。在民事赔偿案件的审理中，陪审团同样只能在原告所要求的数额范围内作出裁决，不能超出。voteTheprogressofcivilandcriminalcasesWhenthecourtagain,thejudgewillaskthejurycolonelwhetherthedecisionhasformed.Ifformed,colonelwillannouncethedecisionandthevotingresults.
