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1、ChapterOne FundamentalsofMechanicalEngineeringLesson2ClassificationofSteelsClassificationofSteelsI.NewWordsandPhrasescarbon石墨，碳content含量，内容carboncontent含碳量cold-rolled冷轧bolt螺栓nut螺母washer垫圈，垫片screwdriver起子，改锥tap丝锥，ClassificationofSteelsdie板牙，冲模reamer铰刀tensile张力的，拉力的alteration变更，
2、改造corrosion侵蚀bar条，棒cross-section横截面copper铜oxide氧化物exposure暴露atmosphere大气fatigue疲劳ClassificationofSteelsII.Translation1.Plaincarbonsteelsmaybeclassifiedasthosethatcontainonlycarbonandnoothermajoralloyingelements.Theyaredividedintothreecategories:low-carbonsteel,medium-carbonste
3、el,andhigh-carbonsteel.普通碳钢是指只含有碳元素而不含其它主要合金元素的钢。普通碳钢可以分为三类：低碳钢，中碳钢和高碳钢。ClassificationofSteels2.Machinesteelandcold-rolledsteel,whichcontainfrom0.08to0.30percentcarbon,arethemostcommonlow-carbonsteels.含碳0.08%-0.3%的机件钢和冷轧钢是最常见的低碳钢。3.Itemssuchasbolts,nuts,washers,sheetsteel,ands
4、haftsaremadeoflow-carbonsteel.比如螺栓，螺帽，垫圈，钢板和轴通常就是用低碳钢制成。ClassificationofSteels4.Toolssuchaswrenches,hammers,andscrewdriversaredrop-forgedfrommedium-carbonsteelandlaterheattreated.如扳手，铁锤以及丝锥这样的工具就是对中碳钢进行锤锻，再进行热处理得来的。ClassificationofSteels5.High-carbonsteel,alsoknownastoolsteel,
5、containsover0.60percentcarbonandmayrangeashighas1.7percent.Thistypeofsteelisusedforcuttingtools,punches,taps,dies,drills,andreamers.Itisavailableinhot-rolledstockorinfinish-groundflatstockanddrillrod.高碳钢也就是我们所说的工具钢，它含有超过0.60%的碳元素或许碳元素的含量会达到1.7%。这种类型的钢被用来铸造成切割工具，冲床，阀门，冲模，钻孔器，和铰
6、刀。它同样可以用于热轧原料，精磨加工原料及钻杆当中。ClassificationofSteels6.Alloysteelmaybedefinedassteelcontainingotherelements,inadditiontocarbon,thatproducethedesiredqualitiesinthesteel.合金钢可以定义为含有除碳元素以外的其他元素的钢，这些元素使钢具有了（人们）想要得性能。ClassificationofSteels1)Increaseintensilestrength提高张力2)Increaseinhardne
7、ss提高硬度3)Increaseintoughness提高韧性4)Alterationofthecriticaltemperatureofthesteel改变钢的临界温度5)Increaseinwearabrasion提高耐磨度6)Red-hardness红硬性7)Corrosionresistance提高耐腐蚀性ClassificationofSteels8.Thesesteel,containingamaximumcarboncontentof0.28percentandsmallamountsofvanadium,columbium,copp
8、er,andotheralloyingelements,offermanyadvantagesovertheregular
