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1、54JournalofNursingScienceJan.2008Vol23No2(SurgeryEdition)精神卫生初产孕妇焦虑状况及其影响因素分析侯晓静,沈慧钰摘要:目的探讨初产孕妇焦虑状况及其影响因素。方法对上海地区100例初产孕妇采用焦虑自评量表和社会支持量表进行问卷调查。结果初产孕妇焦虑总分为36.439.39,显著高于国内常模评分(P<0.01);年龄25~岁,大专以下学历,工人、农民为职业的初产孕妇焦虑水平显著低于其他年龄、学历、职业类型的初产孕妇(均P<0.01);独生子女、有慢性疾病史的初产孕妇焦虑水平偏高(
2、均P<0.01);有流产史的初产孕妇焦虑水平偏低(P<0.05);多元逐步回归显示社会支持程度、是否独生子女、有无流产史与孕妇焦虑水平显著相关(均P<0.01);因果通径图示,前述3项为影响孕妇焦虑水平的直接因素,慢性病史及担心生产过程是间接因素。结论初产孕妇孕期焦虑水平较高;年龄、学历、职业类型、慢性疾病史与孕妇焦虑水平相关;社会支持、是否独生子女、有无流产史是预测初产孕妇焦虑水平的重要因素。关键词:初产孕妇;焦虑;社会支持;相关因素;通径分析中图分类号:R473.71;R395.6文献标识码:A文章编号:1001-4152(2008)02-
3、0054-04AnxietyStatusofPrimiparasandItsInfluencingFactors!HOUXiaojing,SHENHuiyu!(SchoolofNursing,ShanghaiJiaotongUniversity,Shanghai200025,China)Abstract:ObjectiveToexploretheanxietystatusandinfluencingfactorsinprimiparas.MethodsAquestionnairesurveywasconductedin100primiparas
4、inShanghaidistrict.ResultsTheaverageanxietylevelinprimiparaswas36.439.39,whichwassignificantlyhigherthanthatofChinesenorm(P<0.01).Statisticallysignificantdifferenceswereobservedamonggroupsofdifferentage,educationbackground,jobcategory(P<0.01forall).Theprimiparasfromonlychi
5、ldfamilies,orthosewithchronicdiseasehadhigheranxietyscoresascomparedwithothergroups(P<0.01forall).Womenwhohadmiscarriagehadarelativelylowanxietylevel(P<0.05).Multivariatesuccessiveregressionanalysisrevealedthatthescoreofsocialsupport,familytype,theexperienceofmiscarriagewere
6、significantlyrelatedtoanxietylevel(P<0.01forall).Pathanalysisshowedthattheformerthreefactorswerefactorsthatdirectlyinfluencedtheanxietylevelofthepregnantwomen.Thehistoryofchronicdiseasesandconcernfordeliverywereindirectfactors.ConclusionPrimiparas∀anxietylevelishigher.Age,e
7、ducationbackground,jobcategory,andchronicdiseasecontributedtothedifferenceinanxietylevelofprimiparas.Themainpredictionfactorofprimiparasweresocialsupport,familytype,andmiscarriage.Keywords:primipara;anxiety;socialsupport;relatedfactors;pathanalysis怀孕期间,母体不仅经历着一系列重大的生理1对象与方法
8、变化,而且会产生一系列心理的应激反应。研究证1.1对象纳入标准:#初产孕妇;∃初中及以上文[12]明,孕期是妇女心理最脆弱的时期,其不良情绪化程度,
