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1、Platoisdeartome,butdearerstillistruth.吾爱吾师，吾更爱真理Ethos,Pathos,LogosHowdoyouappealtoanaudience?Ethos,Pathos,LogosWheneveryoureadanargumentyoumustaskyourself,“Isthispersuasive?Andifso,towhom?”Thereareseveralwaystoappealtoanaudience.Ethos,Pathos,LogosTheseappealsareprevalentinalmostallargumentsLogos
2、1AppealtoLogicTheoreticalorabstractlanguageLiteralandhistoricalanalogiesDefinitionsFactualDataandStatisticsQuotationsCitationsfromexpertsandauthoritiesInformedOpinionsEthos2AppealtoMorals/EthicsLanguageappropriatetoaudienceandsubjectRestrained,sincere,fair-mindedpresentationAppropriatelevelofvoc
3、abularyCorrectgrammarPathos3AppealtoEmotionsVividandconcretelanguageEmotionallyloadedlanguageEmotionalexamplesNarrativesofemotionaleventsEmotionaltoneFigurativelanguageEffectsofEthos,Pathos,Logos4Logosevokesacognitive,rationaleresponseEthosdemonstratestheauthor’sreliability,competence,andrespect
4、fortheaudience’sideasandvaluesthroughappropriateuseofsupportPathosevokesanemotionalresponseDefinitionLogos5Logos:ThisGreekwordisthebasisfortheEnglishword–LogicLogosreferstoanyattempttoappealtotheintellect(academicarguments)TherewillbelogicalchainsofreasoningsupportingALLclaimsDefinitionEthos6Eth
5、os:RelatedtotheEnglishwordethicsandreferstothetrustworthinessofthespeaker/writerEffectivepersuasivestrategybecausewhenwebelievethatthespeakerdoesnotintendtodousharm,wearemorewillingtolistentowhathe/shehastosayExampleEthos6ExampleofEthos:Whenatrusteddoctorgivesyouadvice,youmaynotunderstandallofth
6、emedicalreasoningbehindtheadvice,butyounonethelessfollowthedirectionsbecauseyoubelievethatthedoctorknowswhathe/sheistalkingaboutDefinitionPathos7Pathos:Relatedtothewordspathetic,sympathy,andempathy.Wheneveryouacceptaclaimbasedonhowitmakesyoufeelwithoutfullyanalyzingtherationalebehindtheclaim,you
7、areactingonpathos.DefinitionPathos7PathosContinuedTheymaybeanyemotions:love,fear,patriotism,guilt,hate,orjoyAmajorityofargumentsinthepopularpressareheavilydependentonpatheticappeals.Appealstopathostouchanerveandcompelpeoplet
