土木工程外文翻译(外文)框架

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1、4.1INVESTIGATIONOFSTRUCTURALBEHAVIORInvestigatinghowstructuresbehaveisanimportantpartofstructuraldesign:itprovidesabasisforensuringtheadequacyandsafetyofadesign,InthissectionIdiscussstructuralinvestigationingeneral.AsIdothroughoutthisbook.Ifocusonmaterialrelevanttostructuraldesignt

2、asks.PurposeofInvestigationMoststructuresexistbecausetheyareneeded.Anyevaluationofastructurethusmustbeginwithananalysisofhoweffectivelythestructuremeetstheusagerequirements.Designersmustconsiderthefollowingthreefactors:Functionality.orthegeneralphysicalrelationshipsofthestructure's

3、form.detail.durability.fireresistance.deformationresistance.andsoon.Feasibility.includingcost.availabilityofmaterialsandproducts.andpracticalityofconstruction.Safety.orcapacity10resistanticipatedloads.MeansAninvestigationofafullydefinedstructureinvolvesthefollowing:1.Determinethest

4、ructure'sphysicalbeing-materials,form,scale.orientation.location.supportconditions,andinternalcharacteranddetail.2.Determinethedemandsplacedonthestructure-thatis.loads.3.Determinethestructure'sdeformationlimits.4.Determinethestructure'sloadresponse-howithandlesinternalforcesandstre

5、ssesandsignificantdeformations.5.Evaluatewhetherthestructurecansafelyhandletherequiredstructuraltasks.Investigationmaytakeseveralforms.YoucanVisualizegraphicallythestructure'sdeformationunderload.Manipulatemathematicalmodels.Testthestructureorascaledmodel,measuringitsresponsestoloa

6、ds.Whenprecisequantitativeevaluationsarerequired.usemathematicalmodelsbasedonreliabletheoriesordirectlymeasurephysicalresponses.Ordinarily.mathematicalmodelingprecedesanyactualconstruction-evenofatestmodel.Limitdirectmeasurementtoexperimentalstudiesortoverifyinguntestedtheoriesorde

7、signmethods.VisualAidsInthisbook,Iemphasizegraphicalvisualization;sketchesarcinvaluablelearningandproblem-solvingaids.Threetypesofgraphicsaremostuseful:thefree-bodydiagram.theexaggeratedprofileofaload-deformedstructure.andthescaledpial.Afree-bodydiagramcombinesapictureofanisolatedp

8、hysicalclemenIwithrepresen