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1、精品资料欢迎下载一.什么叫定语从句?定语从句(theattributiveclause)一个句子作定语就叫定语从句;二.定语从句的结构及种类1.结构:关系词+主语+谓语+其它2.种类:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句三.关系词的分类及关系词1.关系代词:who,whom,whose,that,which,as2.关系副词:when,where,why四.关系词的功用1.起连接作用,引导定语从句2.在定语从句中作一个成分——主语,宾语,状语,定语,表语;五.什么是先行词?被定语从句所修饰的词是先行词;六.关系词的用法1.who当先行词是
2、指人得名词或代词,而且关系词在句中作主语时,选who;TheboywhoisstandingoverthereisTom.Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.2.whom当先行词是指人得名词,而且关系词在句中作主语时,选whom.ThisisourEnglishteacherwhomeverybodylikes.3.whose①当先行词是指人的名词,而且关系词在句中作定语时,选whose.Thisismydeskmatewhosefatherworksinafactory.②当先行词是指
3、物的名词,而且关系在句中作定语时,选whose.Westudyinaclassroomwhosewindowsfacetothesouth.4.that①当先行词是指物的名词,关系词在句中作主语时,选that.Thisisamachinethatcanwalk.②当先行词是指物的名词,关系词在句中作宾语时,选that.另外,that可以省略;Ilikethepresent〔that〕myfathersentme.③当先行词是指人的名词,关系词也可选用that=whoTheboythat/whoisplayingfootballonthe
4、playgroundismybrother.5.which当先行词是指物的名词时,关系词也可选用which,它在句中作主语或宾语,which=that6.以下情形下,关系词只能选用that①当先行词为不定代词something,anything,nothing,everything时IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou.②当先行词为不定代词all时Mr.Lidoesallthathecantodohisworkwell.③当先行词被all,some,any修饰时TheseareallthethingsthatI
5、havedonetoday.精品资料欢迎下载④当先行词被theonly,thevery修饰时Thisistheonlycomputerthatheoftenturnstoforhelp.⑤当先行词被序数词,形容词最高级修饰时Thisisthecleaningroomthatyoucanseehere.⑥time作先行词,前面有序数词或last修饰时ThisisthelasttimethatI’llgiveyoupocketmoney.⑦尽管先行词指人,但关系词在句中作表语时;Heisnolongerthechildthatheusedt
6、obe20yearsago⑧以who开头的特别疑问句,尽管先行词指人;Whoisthepersonthatissittingontheground.⑨当先行词包括人和物时;1.以下情形下,关系词只能选which①在非限制性定语从句中;Thisismyfavoritepen,whichIboughtyesterday.②先行词不是一个词,而是前面整个句子的概念时Theboyisverypolite,whichmakeshisparentshappy.③当先行词指物,用“介词+which”ThisisthepenwithwhichIofte
7、nwrite.2.asAs引导定语从句时,有四种情形;As在句中作主语,宾语;①as单独引导定语从句;Asweallknow〔=Asisknowntousall〕,YaoMingisafamousbasketballplayer.②thesameas与一样Ihavethesameideaasyou.③suchas和一样Don’treadsuchabookasyoucan’utnderstand.④asas和一样Inthislibrary,youcanborrowasmanybooksasyoucan.3.where①当先行词是指地点的名
8、词,而且关系副词在句中作状语时,选where,where=介词+whichThisistheclassroomwherewestudy.②尽管先行词是指地点的名词,但关系词在句中作主语,宾语时,只能选tha
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