内科护理学课件英语考试资料bronchiectasis

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1、Bronchiectasis支气管扩张SiTingWangFacultyofNursingGuangXiTraditionalChineseMedicalUniversityPathophysiologyBronchiectasis支气管扩张isadisordercharacterizedbypermanent,abnormaldilatation扩张ofoneormoremedium-sizedanddiametergreaterthan2mmproximalbronchi近端支气管.Pathoph

2、ysiologicchangethatresultindilatationisdestructionoftheelastictissue弹性组织andmuscularstructuresofthebronchialwall支气管壁.Etiology病因Thediseaseprocessisoftenbelievedtostartinchildhoodasanacquireddisorder,beginningwithrespiratorycomplicationssecondarytoinfluenz

3、a流行性感冒,measles麻疹,orwhoopingcough百日咳.Infantbronchial-lunginfection婴幼儿期支气管-肺组织感染isthemostcommoncauseofbronchiectasis.Recurringlowerrespiratorytractinfectionsareanotherpatternofdiseaseinchildhoodthatmaypredisposeanindividualtobronchiectasis.Thispatternisty

4、picallyseenintheindividualwhohascysticfibrosis囊肿性纤维化,asthma哮喘,a-1aitirypsindeficiency抗胰蛋白酶不足,orimmunodeficiencydiseases免疫缺陷疾病.Pathologictypes病理类型Saccularbronchiectasis囊状支气管扩张:occursmainlyinlargebronchiandischaracterizedbycavity-likedilatations.Theaffect

5、edbronchiendinlargesacs.Cylindricalbronchiectasis圆柱支气管扩张:involveinmedium-sizedbronchithataremildlytomoderatelydilated.Pathophysiology病理生理Almostallformsofbronchiectasisareassociatedwithbacterialinfection细菌感染.Infectionscausethebronchialwallstobeweaken,and

6、pocketsofinfectionbegintoform.Whenthewallsofthebronchialsystemareinjured,themucocilliarymechanism粘膜-纤毛防御机制isdamaged,allowingbacteriaandmucustoaccumulatewithinthepockets.Theinfectionbecomesworseandresultsinbronchiectasis.Classification分类Localizedbronchie

7、ctasis局部支气管扩张:resultsfromfocalairwayobstruction,orfromnecrotizing坏死性orlobarpneumonia大叶性肺炎whosebronchiectaticsequelae后遗症arelimitedtooneareaofthelung.Obstructiveprocessesofanykindcanpredisposeanindividualtobronchiectasis.Theobstructioncausesthebronchi支气管a

8、ndbronchioles细支气管todistendandballoonoutbelowthelevelofobstruction.Classification分类2.Generalizedbronchiectasis广泛性支气管扩张:ismultifocalnecrotizing多灶性坏死性bacterialinfection,butotherconditioncanpredisposepersonstothedevelopmentofbronchie