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1、美国文学重点整理美国文学题型：1.60分三篇小说，三个诗歌，作者，出处，作品分析2.20分名词解释3.20分论述1.20世纪美国文学发展的经济背景关键词：Urbanization（newfarmmachines,risingproductivity,risingleisuretime）Industrialization(electriclights,camera,telephone,radio,typewriter)CommercializationGlobalization.Philosophy:Schopenhauer叔本华Nietzsch
2、e尼采JeanPaulFreud补充：Fitzgerald：tenderisthenight,allthesadyoungman,therichboy,2.WhatisLostGeneration?①ItisatermtodescribeagroupofAmericanintellectuals,poets,artistsandwriterswhofledtoFranceinthepostWWIyearstorejectthevaluesofAmericanmaterialismandtoseekthebohemianlifestyleinPa
3、ris.②Itisfullofyouthfulidealism,seekingthemeaningoflife,drankexcessively,haveloveaffairs,creatingsomeofthefinestAmericanliteraturetodate.③AmericanpoetGertrudeSteincoinedthisexpression,speakingtoHemingway,shesaid,youareallalostgeneration.thetermstuckthemystiquesurroundingthes
4、eindividualscontinuestofancyus.④Mainrepresentatives:F.Scott.Fitzgerald,ErnestHemingway,JohnDosPassos3.Whatismodernism?Mainfeatures.Aculturalmovementthatgenerallyincludestheprogressiveartandarchitecture,design,literature,music,dance,paintingandothervisualartswhichemergedinthe
5、beginningofthe20century,particularlyintheyearsfollowingWWI.Itwasamovementofartistsanddesignerswhorebelledagainstlate19thcenturyacademicandhistorictradition,andembracedtheneweconomic,socialandpoliticalaspectsoftheemergingmodernworld.Theavant-gardemovementsthatfollowedincludin
6、gimpressionism,post-impressionism,cubism（立体主义）,futurism,expressionism,contructivism（构成主义）aregenerallydefinedasmodernism.4.TheGreatGatsby作者： F.ScottFitzgerald男女主人公：JayGatsby &DaisyFayBuchananWhyisGatsbygreat?Whydidhedie?Hisflawsincharacteristics:Naive,innocent,ideal正是因为美国社会缺乏
7、盖茨比精神，社会不重视精神世界的充实，人们经历spiritualemptiness,所以盖茨比伟大。Post-wardelusion（迷幻，错觉）“Sowebeaton,boatsagainstthecurrent,bornebackceaselesslyintothepast.”补充：Fitzgerald：tenderisthenight,allthesadyoungman,therichboy,几个重点背景：roaringtwenties,jazzage,thelostgeneration,Americandream5.ErnestHemi
8、ngway主要作品：TheSunAlsoRises《太阳照常升起》AFarewelltoArms《永别了，武器》FredericHenry&Cathe
