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1、ThedifferencebetweenEnglishandChineseandtranslationEnglishandChinesebelongtotwodifferentlanguagefamilies:English,theIndo-EuropeanfamilyandChinese,theSino-Tibetanfamily.Thetwolanguagesalsohavedifferentculturalbackgrounds.Translationisaninterlingualandinterculturaltransferandmulti-dimensionalco
2、ntrastivestudiesofthetwolanguageandculturesarethereforeessential.Therefore,beforetranslation,weshouldpayattentiontotheculturalelements.AccordingtothedifferencebetweenEnglishandChinesetranslation,therearetenpairsoffeatureswhichweshouldtakeintoconsiderationwhenwetranslateEnglishtoChinese.1Synth
3、eticandAnalytic(综合语和分析语)Asyntheticlanguageischaracterizedbyfrequentandsystematicuseofinflectedformstoexpressgrammaticalrelationships.Ananalyticlanguageismarkedbyarelativelyfrequentuseoffunctionwords,auxiliaryverbs,andchangesinwordordertoexpresssyntacticrelations,ratherthanofinflectedforms.Mod
4、ernEnglishhasbecomeaanalyticlanguage,butChineseisatypicalanalyticlanguage.Inflection(变化词形),wordorder（安排词序）andtheuseoffunctionwords(运用虚词)areemployedasthethreegrammaticaldevicesinbuildingEnglishsentences.1.1Inflectionalvs.Non---inflectionalInEnglish,nouns,pronounsandverbsareinflected.Suchgramma
5、ticalmeaningaspartsofspeech,gender,case,person,tense,aspect,voice,moodandnon--finiteverb,canbta,expressedbytheuseofinflectedformswithorwithoutthehelpoffunctionwordsandwordorder,whereasinChinesethisisgenerallynottrue:theabovegrammaticalmeaningsaremostlyimpliedincontextsorbetweenthelines,though
6、oftenwiththehelpofwordorderandfunctionwords,e.gTheytoldmethatbytheendoftheyeartheywouldhavebeenworkingtogetherforthirtyyears.他们告诉我，到（那年）年底，他们在一起工作就有三十年了。1.2WordsOrder:Flexiblevs.InflexibleWordorderinEnglishisnotsorigidasinChinese.Morewaysofinversiongrammaticalorrhetorical,areoftenseeninEnglis
7、h.e.gInterrogativeinversion(疑问倒装)（1）Whatintheworlddoyoumean?你的意思究竟是什么啊？（2）Exclamatoryinversion(惊叹倒装)Whatabeautifulvoiceyouhave!你有多么好的嗓音啊！TheflexiblewordorderinEnglishismainlytheresultofthegrammaticalconcordofwordsinthesentencewhichisachievedb
