水利水电工程专业英语——河流工程篇

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1、水利水电工程专业英语——河流工程篇1.SomeProblemsRelatedtoAlluvialRivers（1）1.与冲积河流相关的一些问题（1）Manyoftheearliercivilizationscameintobeingthefertilevalleysoflargerivers.CivilizationsprosperedintheNilevalleyinEgypt,alongtheTigrisandEupharatesriversinMesopotamia,alongtheIndusRiver.Asearly

2、as4000B.C.peoplebuiltdamsacrosstheriverstostorewater,dugcanalsfornavigationpurposesandalsotocarrywatertothefieldstoproducemuch-neededfood.Togetherwiththeproblemsassociatedwiththeirrigationworks,theseearliercivilizationswereconfrontedwiththeproblemsoffloodcontroland

3、theChinesehaddevelopedexcellentsystemsofdikesfortheprotectionofinhabitedareasagainstfloods.很多早期的文明都孕育在大江大河的肥沃的河谷。这些文明繁荣在在埃及尼罗河谷，沿着美索不达米亚的底格里斯河和幼发拉底河，沿着印度河流域。早在公元前4000年，人们就横跨河流修建水坝来蓄水，以航运及将水带到农田以生产更加非常需要的事物为目的而开挖渠道。与同灌溉工程相关的问题一样，这些早期文明也面临着防洪的问题，而中国人则已经发展了防洪保护居住区的优秀堤

4、防体系。Thus,sincethedawnofcivilization,mankindhasfacedproblemsassociatedwithrivers,andsolvedthemtothebestoftheirability.Morecomplicatedproblemsareencounteredinmoderntimesbecause,withtheincreaseinpopulation,moreandmoreriversarebeingharnessedformultipurposeuse-floodcont

5、rol,watersupply,powergeneration,irrigationandnavigation-forwhichartificialchangesarebeingmadeinthewatercourses.Theseproblemshavebecomecomplicatedbecauseofthefactthatriversandotherwatercourses,inmostcases,runthroughloosematerialandthewatercarriessomeofthismaterialal

6、ongwithit.Thepresenceofsedimentinwateralsocreatesproblemsintheoperationofturbinesandpumpsthroughwiththesediment-ladenwaterflows.Furtherthemoneyspentintreatingthewatertoremovesedimentandmakeitfitfordomesticorindustrialconsumptionisenormous.Otherproblemsconnectedwith

7、thetrainingandharnessingofriverscarryingsedimentalsoengagetheattentionofalargenumberofengineers.Infactifthewatercoursesweretoflowthroughnonerodiblematerial,manyoftheaboveproblemswouldnotexist.因此，自文明的曙光出现开始时，人类就已经面临着与河流相关的问题，并尽其最大可能解决问题。现代社会则遇到了更加复杂的问题，因为随着人口的增加，越来越

8、多的河流因为多种目的的利用而被开发利用，如防洪、供水、发电、灌溉及航运，河道正被人为地改变。这些问题已经变得复杂因为在大多数情况下，这些河流和其他河道流过松散介质并携带这些材料于其中。水中泥沙的存在也通过含沙水流的流动而为水轮机和水泵的操作带来了问题。而且在处理水流以去除泥沙并使之适合家庭