规范语言学与描述语言学

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1、DescriptiveLinguisticsandPrescriptiveLinguistics规定语言学和描述语言学DefinitionHistoryPrescriptiveGrammarVSDescriptiveGrammarExamplesWebster’sThirdNewInternationalDictionaryOutlinePrescriptivelinguistics规定语言学---anaccountofhowalanguageshouldbeusedinsteadofhowitisactuallyused.Itistheactoftakingt

2、heofficialmodelsofalanguage,andtreatingthemassacred['seikrid]perfectrepresentationsofthelanguage,andenforcingthemonpeople.Forexample,correctingsomeonewhousestheword“ain’t”(amnot/arenot),evenifit’susedinanappropriatelycasualway.Descriptivelinguistics描述语言学---theworkofanalyzinganddescri

3、binghowlanguageisactuallyspokennow(orhowitwasactuallyspokeninthepast),byanygroupofpeople.history1Prescriptivelinguisticsschool2DescriptivelinguisticsschoolPrescriptivelinguisticsschool规定语言学派ThehistoryoflinguisticscantracebacktotheancientGreecein5thcenturyBC.Atthattime,prescriptivelin

4、guisticsmainlydependedontheearlyLatinorGreekgrammar.Ittreatedthelinguisticasalawtorulepeoplehowtouselanguage.Untilthe18thcentury,theprescriptivelinguisticswasstillthemainstream.Descriptivelinguisticsschool描述语言学派1911192419331950Oneperson:Boas(鲍阿斯)Onebook:HandbookofAmericanIndianlangua

5、ge《美洲印第安语手册》Theforewordtothebook:ThesymbolofthestartofthedescriptivelinguisticsschoolOneorganization:LinguisticSocietyofAmerica美国语言学学会Twopeople:Boas（鲍阿斯（1858-1942）Sapir(萨丕尔)（1884-1939）Onebook:Language(语言论)Oneperson:Bloomfield[‘blu:mfi:ld]布龙菲尔德Influence:Thesymboloftheformalbirthofthed

6、escriptivelinguisticsschoolDescriptivelinguisticsschoolbecamematurePrescriptivegrammarDescriptivegrammarPrescriptivegrammariansprefergivingpracticaladviceaboutusinglanguage:straightforwardrulestohelpusavoidmakingerrors.Aprescriptivegrammarianbelievesthatcertainformsusedarecorrectandt

7、hatothers,eventhoughtheymaybeusedbynativespeakers,areincorrect.PrescriptiveGrammarPrescriptivegrammarianslayoutr___aboutwhatthey_b_______tobethe“_c_______”or“_i________”useoflanguage.KeyPointulesorrectncorrectelieveDescriptivegrammariansgenerallyadviseusnottobeoverlyconcernedwithmatt

8、ersofcorrect