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1、本科毕业设计（论文）外文翻译原文：URBANREDEVELOPMENT,PASTANDPRESENTUrban“redevelopment”hasemerged,inrecentyears,asoneofthekeyconcernsofurbansocialscienceinboththeoreticalandempirical-basedsettings.Thisreflectsaconcomitanttrendassociatedwithurbanstudiesmoregenerally,towardspecifyingtheeconomic,political,andcultural
2、factorsresponsibleforunevenmetropolitandevelopment.Indeed,evenacausallookatourmetropolitanareasrevealsthattheyarecomposedofmanydifferentcitiesandspatialformsthatdividedaccordingtodifferentlandusesaswellasrelatedtopatternsofraceandclass.Onecityisreservedfortherichandaffluent;anotheriscomposedofwork
3、ing-classandmiddle-classneighborhoods;otherareascatertocommercialinterests,entertainment,tourists,andconsumers;andstillotherslanguishinchronicdisinvestmentanddecay,reservedforthehomeless,thepoor,minorities,andtheurbanunderclass.Thesecontrastsarequitegraphic,asanyonetouringourmetropolitanareascanat
4、test,andrepresentsanextremecrisisofinequalityproducedbytheunevennatureofmetropolitandevelopmentandgrowth.Thecitycontinuestoprovidetheprimesocio-spatialcontextwithinwhicheconomicandpoliticalelitesandordinarypeopleconstructandactouttheprocessesofdisinvestment,fiscalcrisis,andinnercity“renaissance.”I
5、nrecentyears,scholarshavebeguntostudyredevelopmentwithaneyetowardclarifyingthelinksbetweenmacrostructuralprocesses,specificurbanredevelopmentefforts,andlocallylivedrealities.Thisreviewissuewillthereforeconsiderthesignificanceofurbanredevelopmentasafocusforurbantheoryandurbanresearch,outliningwhats
6、uchtheoreticalandmethodologicalcontributionsandchangesmaymeanforthefutureofurbanscholarship.Thestudyofcities,urbanism,andurbanchange–redevelopment,disinvestment,andsoon–hasarichtraditioninurbanscholarship.EuropeanssuchasMarxandEngels,Weber,andSimmeldevotedmuchthoughttotheimportanceofthecity,forexa
7、mple,asaseatoftheemergingcapitalisteconomy,asitepoliticalandeconomicpower,andforceofculturalchangethataffectsmentallife.IntheUnitedStares,theearlyChicagoSchoolurbansociologistsfocusedtheirempiricalattentiononthes
