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1、本科毕业设计（论文）外文翻译原文：URBANREDEVELOPMENT,PASTANDPRESENTUrban“redevelopment”hasemerged,inrecentyears,asoneofthekeyconcernsofurbansocialscienceinboththeoreticalandempirical-basedsettings.Thisreflectsaconcomitanttrendassociatedwithurbanstudiesmoregenerally,towardspecifyingtheeconomic,po
2、litical,andculturalfactorsresponsibleforunevenmetropolitandevelopment.Indeed,evenacausallookatourmetropolitanareasrevealsthattheyarecomposedofmanydifferentcitiesandspatialformsthatdividedaccordingtodifferentlandusesaswellasrelatedtopatternsofraceandclass.Onecityisreservedforther
3、ichandaffluent;anotheriscomposedofworking-classandmiddle-classneighborhoods;otherareascatertocommercialinterests,entertainment,tourists,andconsumers;andstillotherslanguishinchronicdisinvestmentanddecay,reservedforthehomeless,thepoor,minorities,andtheurbanunderclass.Thesecontrast
4、sarequitegraphic,asanyonetouringourmetropolitanareascanattest,andrepresentsanextremecrisisofinequalityproducedbytheunevennatureofmetropolitandevelopmentandgrowth.Thecitycontinuestoprovidetheprimesocio-spatialcontextwithinwhicheconomicandpoliticalelitesandordinarypeopleconstructa
5、ndactouttheprocessesofdisinvestment,fiscalcrisis,andinnercity“renaissance.”Inrecentyears,scholarshavebeguntostudyredevelopmentwithaneyetowardclarifyingthelinksbetweenmacrostructuralprocesses,specificurbanredevelopmentefforts,andlocallylivedrealities.Thisreviewissuewillthereforec
6、onsiderthesignificanceofurbanredevelopmentasafocusforurbantheoryandurbanresearch,outliningwhatsuchtheoreticalandmethodologicalcontributionsandchangesmaymeanforthefutureofurbanscholarship.Thestudyofcities,urbanism,andurbanchange–redevelopment,disinvestment,andsoon–hasarichtraditi
7、oninurbanscholarship.EuropeanssuchasMarxandEngels,Weber,andSimmeldevotedmuchthoughttotheimportanceofthecity,forexample,asaseatoftheemergingcapitalisteconomy,asitepoliticalandeconomicpower,andforceofculturalchangethataffectsmentallife.IntheUnitedStares,theearlyChicagoSchoolurbans
8、ociologistsfocusedtheirempiricalattentiononthes
