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1、Low-coherencedeformationsensorsforthemonitoringofcivil-engineeringstructuresD.Inaudia,A.Elamarib,L.Pfluga,N.Gisinb,J.Breguetb,S.Vurpillota“IMAC,LaboratoryofStressAnalysis,SwissFederalInstituteofTechnology,CH-1015Lausanne,Switzerland‘GAP,GroupofAppliedPhysics-OpticalSeciion,GenevaUniversity
2、CH-1205Geneva,SwitzerlandRcccivcd25January1993;inrevisedform8March1994;accepted25March1994AbstractAnoptical-fiberdeformationsensorwitharesolutionof10pmandanoperationalrangeof60mmhasbeenrealized.Thesystemisbasedonlow-coherenceinterferometryinstandardsingle-modetelecommunicationfibers.Itallo
3、wsthemonitoringoflargestructuresoverseveralmonthswithoutnoticeabledrift.Nocontinuousmeasurementisneededandthesystemisinsensitivetovariationsofthefiberlosses.Thistechniquehasbeenappliedtothemonitoringofa20mX5mX0.5m,120tonconcreteslaboversixmonths.Itispossibletomeasuretheshrinkageofconcretea
4、nditselasticcoefficientduringpre-straining,givingreproducibleresultsingoodagreementwiththeoreticalcalculationsandmeasurementsperformedonsmallconcretesamples.Thispaperdescribestheopticalarrangementandtheproceduresusedtoinstallopticalfibersinconcrete.Keywor&:Ikformationsensors;Civil-engineer
5、ingstructures1.IntroductionBoththesecurityofcivil-engineeringworksandthelawrequireaperiodicmonitoringofstructures.Themethodsusedforthispurpose,suchastriangulation,waterlevelsorvibratingstrings,areoftenoftediousapplicationandrequireoneormanyspecializedoperators.Thiscomplexityandtheresulting
6、costslimitthefrequencyofthemeasurements.Furthermore,thespatialresolutionisoftenpoorandtheobservationisusuallyrestrictedtothesurfaceoftheobject.Thereisthusarealdemandforatoolallowingan21internal,automaticandpermanentmonitoringofstructureswithhighaccuracyandstabilityoverperiodstypicallyofthe
7、orderof100yearsforbridges.Inthisframework,fiber-opticsmartstructures(i.e.,structureswithself-testingcapabilities)aregaininginimportanceinmanyfieldsincludingaeronauticsandcompositematerialmonitoring.Thistechnologycanbeappliedincivilengineeringandinparticularfor